New study unpacks the impact of TikTok and short video apps on adolescent well being

A recent study published in the journal Psychiatry Research has shared compelling insights into how TikTok and similar short-video applications impact the lives of adolescents. The study differentiates between non-users, moderate users, and addictive users of these platforms — revealing that addictive users tend to suffer from significantly worse mental health conditions, academic performance, and family relationships compared to their counterparts.

The digital era has propelled short-video applications like TikTok into popularity — especially among adolescents. Previous research has extensively explored the broader impacts of social media use on mental health, highlighting concerns over increased depression, anxiety, and stress. However, the effects of short-video platforms, characterized by their brief yet engaging content, remained less understood until now.

This gap prompted a team of researchers to analyze these platforms by differentiating between moderate and addictive usage patterns — and then finding those patternsʼ association with various psychosocial factors. The motivation behind this study stemmed from an urgent need to understand the implications of short-video application use among adolescents — a demographic particularly susceptible to any adverse effects of social media.

With TikTok and similar platforms gaining traction among youth, the researchers wanted to uncover whether these digital engagements serve as mere entertainment, or bear deeper consequences for young users’ mental health, academic lives, and familial relationships.

To unravel these intricate dynamics, the study surveyed 1,346 adolescents across three schools in China, categorizing them into non-users, moderate users, and addictive users based on their engagement with short-video platforms. Participants were assessed on various fronts, including mental health conditions, academic stress, parental relationships, and experiences of bullying. This correlational analysis allowed researchers to explore the relationships between adolescents’ usage patterns of short-video applications and a spectrum of psychosocial factors.

Addictive users reported significantly higher levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. Furthermore, they faced greater academic challenges, including higher stress levels, poorer performance, and more frequent bullying victimization. Their family relationships also suffered, marked by more negative parenting styles and lower parental education levels. In contrast, moderate users did not show significant differences in mental health or academic performance compared to non-users, though their family environments showed distinct characteristics.

Despite its insight, the study acknowledges certain limitations. For example, its reliance on self-reported data might introduce biases, and the findings’ applicability beyond the Chinese adolescent demographic remains uncertain. Additionally, the cross-sectional design precludes the establishment of causality between short-video application use and the observed outcomes. The researchers also caution against the generalizability of the cut-off scores used to define “addictive use” — suggesting further research is needed across diverse cultural contexts and age groups.

The study, “TikTok use and psychosocial factors among adolescents: Comparisons of non- users, moderate users, and addictive users,ˮ was authored by Miao Chao, Jing Lei, Ru He, Yunpeng Jiang, and Haibo Yang at Tianjin Normal University and the Center of Collaborative Innovation for Assessment and Promotion of Mental Health, in China.