New psychology research identifies factors that predict sexual dream intensity

People with certain personality traits, such as high sensation seeking, extraversion, and neuroticism, tend to report more intense, joyful, or bizarre sexual dreams, according to a study published in Dreaming.

Sexual dreams are common and reflect not only private desires but also broader psychological and cultural influences. Past studies have shown that sexual dreams may provide an outlet for repressed desires and attitudes, often shaped by cultural norms about sexuality. For instance, societies with more conservative attitudes toward sex often see sexual themes emerge more prominently in dreams. Men generally report more frequent and more permissive sexual dream content, while women often describe different dream contexts and themes.

Youteng Gan and colleagues explored whether personality traits, along with emotional factors like anxiety and depression, shape how people experience sexual dreams. Guided by the continuity hypothesis of dreaming, which suggests that our waking thoughts, emotions, and concerns flow into our dream life, the researchers aimed to clarify why some individuals experience sexual dreams as more intense, positive, or bizarre than others.

The researchers surveyed 412 university students in Beijing, of whom 384 met the inclusion criteria for analysis (205 women, 179 men; mean age 20.6 years). All participants completed an online questionnaire distributed through campus social media. The final sample consisted of young adults with undergraduate education, all proficient in Mandarin Chinese.

Participants completed several standardized psychological measures. Personality traits were assessed with the Zuckerman-Kuhlman-Aluja Personality Questionnaire Short Form (ZKA-PQ/SF), which measured aggressiveness, activity, extraversion, neuroticism, and sensation seeking. Anxiety and depression were measured using the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and the Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), both widely validated in Chinese populations.

To assess sexual dream experiences, participants completed the Sexual Dream Experience Questionnaire (SDEQ), which captures four dimensions of sexual dreams: joyfulness (e.g., “sexual dreams can make me excited”), aversion (e.g., “I feel guilty and ashamed about having sexual dreams”), familiarity (e.g., “people in my sexual dreams are familiar to me”), and bizarreness (e.g., “I am often sexually maltreated in my sexual dreams”). Items were rated on a five-point scale, allowing researchers to measure both the frequency and the intensity of sexual dream experiences.

Just over half of the participants (51%) reported having sexual dreams, with men more likely than women to do so. Men also rated their sexual dreams as more joyful and exciting than women did. When comparing those who had sexual dreams with those who did not, the dreamers scored higher in aggressiveness, neuroticism, and sensation seeking. This supported the researchers’ expectation that certain personality traits would differentiate sexual dreamers from non-dreamers.

Anxiety and depression were linked to more aversive and bizarre dream experiences, suggesting that negative emotional states carry over into unsettling dream content. By contrast, extraversion and activity were linked to joyfulness and familiarity in sexual dreams, indicating that more outgoing and energetic individuals tended to perceive their dreams as more enjoyable and relatable.

Sensation seeking stood out as a strong predictor of both joyfulness and bizarreness, meaning that those who crave excitement and novelty in daily life also tended to have the most vivid and unusual sexual dream experiences.

The authors note that their reliance on self-reported data may introduce bias, and the cross-sectional design means they cannot establish cause-and-effect relationships. Additionally, the sample consisted primarily of young adults, limiting generalizability to older populations.

Overall, this study highlights how personality and emotional states shape the intensity of sexual dream experiences, supporting the idea that our dream life mirrors our waking psychological patterns.

The study, “Whose Sexual Dream Experiences Are More Intense? An Exploratory Study on the Relationship Between Personality Traits and Sexual Dreams,” was authored by Youteng Gan, Ruohang Wang, Xueyu Wang, Jiangang Li, Yuting Chen, Jianan Chen, and Hongying Fan.