New research published in Addictive Behaviors examines how certain behaviors are associated with problematic pornography use. The study highlights that habits like binge-watching, escalating content, and switching between videos are linked to difficulties in controlling pornography use, with quantitative tolerance—a need for increased viewing time—playing a central role.
Problematic pornography use refers to a pattern of consuming pornography that becomes difficult to control despite recognizing its negative consequences. Individuals experiencing problematic pornography use may spend excessive amounts of time viewing pornography, struggle to reduce their consumption even when they want to, or use pornography as a way to cope with emotional distress. The phenomenon of problematic pornography use is distinct from casual or recreational consumption because it involves a loss of control and a sense of compulsion.
The researchers conducted the new study to explore how specific patterns of pornography consumption might contribute to problematic pornography use. While the broader topic of internet pornography use has been studied, little is known about the role of intensified consumption behaviors—such as prolonged sessions, frequent switching between content, or escalating to more extreme genres—in the development or maintenance of problematic pornography use.
For their study, the researchers recruited two independent samples of adult male pornography users from the United States and the United Kingdom. Participants were required to have consumed pornography at least once in the past year. A total of 1,356 participants from the the United States and 944 participants from the United Kingdom completed an anonymous online survey.
The survey measured several key aspects. Problematic pornography use was assessed using a standardized tool that evaluated behaviors like difficulty reducing use, frequent urges, and reliance on pornography to manage emotions. Participants also answered questions about escalating use, such as spending more time on pornography to achieve satisfaction (referred to as quantitative tolerance) and seeking more extreme content over time (qualitative tolerance). Additionally, the researchers examined behaviors like binge-watching pornography for prolonged sessions, frequently switching between videos or tabs (tab-jumping), and delaying climax to extend viewing (edging).
The results showed that certain intensified pornography use behaviors were closely linked to problematic pornography use, with quantitative tolerance emerging as a central factor. Needing to spend increasing amounts of time viewing pornography to achieve satisfaction was strongly connected to both other intensified consumption patterns and core features of problematic pornography use, such as difficulty resisting urges and using pornography to cope with emotional distress. This suggests that escalating time requirements may play a pivotal role in the development and maintenance of problematic pornography use.
The researchers also found that behaviors like binge-watching and tab-jumping were interconnected with tolerance, highlighting how individuals who engage in multiple intensified consumption patterns may be at greater risk of developing problematic pornography use. For instance, those who frequently switched between videos or extended sessions by delaying climax appeared more likely to experience diminished control over their viewing habits. Additionally, binge-watching sessions were directly linked to difficulty resisting urges and using pornography as an emotional coping mechanism, further emphasizing their relevance to problematic usage.
The study sheds new light on the relationship between intensified pornography use and problematic pornography use. But it is not without limitations. One key issue is its cross-sectional design, which captures data at a single point in time. This means that the study cannot establish causal relationships, leaving it unclear whether intensified behaviors lead to problematic pornography use or if problematic use drives these behaviors.
Future research could address this limitation by employing longitudinal designs to better understand how intensified pornography use behaviors and problematic pornography use develop and influence each other over time. Clinical research could also investigate how interventions targeting behaviors like tolerance or binge-watching influence outcomes for individuals struggling with problematic pornography use, providing practical insights for treatment.
The study, “Problematic pornography use and novel patterns of escalating use: A cross-sectional network analysis with two independent samples,” was authored by Campbell Ince, Lucy Albertella, Chang Liu, Jeggan Tiego, Leonardo F. Fontenelle, Samuel R. Chamberlain, Murat Yücel, and Kristian Rotaru.