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New research suggests that emotional intelligence improves romantic relationships primarily through a single, specific behavior: making a partner feel valued and appreciated. While emotionally intelligent people employ various strategies to manage their partners’ feelings, the act of valuing stands out as the most consistent driver of relationship quality. This finding implies that the key to a happier partnership may be as simple as regularly expressing that one’s partner is special. The study appears in the Journal of Social and Personal Relationships.
Emotional intelligence is broadly defined as the ability to perceive, understand, and manage emotions. Psychologists have recognized a connection between this skill set and successful romances. People with higher emotional intelligence generally report higher satisfaction with their partners. Despite this established link, the specific mechanisms explaining why these individuals have better relationships have remained unclear.
One theory proposes that the answer lies in how people regulate emotions. This concept encompasses not only how individuals manage their own feelings but also how they influence the feelings of those around them. This latter process is known as extrinsic emotion regulation. In a romantic partnership, this often involves one person trying to cheer up, calm down, or validate the other.
To investigate this theory, a research team led by Hester He Xiao from the University of Sydney in Australia conducted a detailed study. They aimed to identify which specific regulatory behaviors bridge the gap between emotional intelligence and relationship satisfaction. The researchers sought to understand if emotionally intelligent people are simply better at helping their partners navigate difficult feelings.
The study included 175 heterosexual couples, comprising 350 individuals in total. The participants were recruited online and ranged in age from their early 20s to their 80s. The researchers designed a longitudinal study that spanned 14 weeks. This design allowed them to track changes and associations over time rather than just capturing a single snapshot.
Participants completed surveys in three separate waves. In the first wave, they assessed their own emotional intelligence levels. They answered questions about their ability to appraise and use emotions. In the second wave, they reported on the specific strategies they used to make their partners feel better. The researchers focused on three “high-engagement” strategies: cognitive reframing, receptive listening, and valuing.
Cognitive reframing involves helping a partner view a situation from a new, more positive perspective. Receptive listening entails encouraging a partner to vent their emotions while paying close attention to what they say. Valuing consists of actions that make the partner feel special, important, and appreciated. In the final wave, participants rated the overall quality of their relationship, considering factors like trust, closeness, and conflict levels.
The researchers used a statistical approach called the Actor-Partner Interdependence Mediation Model. This method treats the couple as a unit. It allows scientists to see how one person’s emotional intelligence affects their own happiness, known as an actor effect. It also reveals how that same person’s intelligence affects their partner’s happiness, known as a partner effect.
The analysis revealed that valuing was the primary mediator for both men and women. Individuals with higher emotional intelligence were more likely to use valuing strategies. In turn, frequent use of valuing was associated with higher relationship quality for both members of the couple. This means that when a person feels their partner values them, the relationship improves. Simultaneously, the person doing the valuing also perceives the relationship as better.
This finding was unique because it applied consistently across genders. Whether the high-emotional-intelligence partner was male or female, the pathway was the same. They used their emotional skills to convey appreciation. This action created a positive feedback loop that boosted satisfaction for everyone involved.
The other two strategies showed less consistent results. Cognitive reframing and receptive listening did play roles, but they functioned differently for men and women. For example, men with higher emotional intelligence were more likely to use receptive listening. When men listened attentively, their female partners reported better relationship quality. However, the men themselves did not report a corresponding increase in their own relationship satisfaction from this behavior.
Women’s use of receptive listening showed a different pattern. When women listened attentively, it was linked to better relationship quality for both themselves and their male partners. This suggests a gender difference in how listening is experienced. For women, engaging deeply with a partner’s emotions appears to be mutually rewarding. For men, it primarily benefits the partner.
Cognitive reframing also displayed gendered nuances. Men’s use of reframing—helping a partner see the bright side—predicted higher relationship quality for their female partners. Women’s use of reframing did not show this same strong association in the primary analysis. These variations highlight that while valuing is universally beneficial, other support strategies may depend on who is using them.
The researchers also looked at whether these behaviors predicted changes in relationship quality over time. They ran an analysis controlling for the couples’ initial satisfaction levels. In this stricter test, the mediation effect of valuing disappeared. This result indicates that while emotional intelligence and valuing are linked to high relationship quality in the present, they may not drive long-term improvements.
This distinction is important for understanding the limits of the findings. The behaviors seem to maintain a good relationship rather than transforming a bad one. High emotional intelligence helps sustain a high level of functioning. It does not necessarily predict that a relationship will grow happier over the 14-week period if it starts at a certain baseline.
There was one unexpected finding in the change-over-time analysis. Men’s emotional intelligence was associated with a decrease in their female partners’ relationship quality relative to the baseline. This hints at a potential “dark side” to emotional intelligence. It is possible that some individuals use their emotional skills for manipulation or self-serving goals, though this interpretation requires further study.
The study had several limitations that affect how the results should be viewed. The sample consisted primarily of White, English-speaking participants from Western countries. Cultural differences in how emotions are expressed and regulated could lead to different results in other populations. Additionally, the study relied on self-reports for all measures. Participants described their own behaviors, which can introduce bias.
People often perceive their own actions differently than their partners do. A person might believe they are listening attentively, while their partner feels ignored. Future research would benefit from asking partners to rate each other’s regulation strategies. This would provide a more objective measure of how well these strategies are actually performed.
The timing of the data collection is another factor to consider. The study took place between August and October 2021. This was a period when many people were still adjusting to life after the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic. The unique stressors of that time may have influenced how couples relied on each other for emotional support.
Future research should also explore the context in which these strategies are used. The current study asked about general attempts to make a partner feel better. It did not distinguish between low-stakes situations and high-conflict arguments. It is possible that cognitive reframing or listening becomes more or less effective depending on the intensity of the distress.
Despite these caveats, the core message offers practical insight. While complex psychological skills help, the most effective behavior is relatively straightforward. Making a partner feel valued acts as a powerful buffer. It connects emotional ability to tangible relationship success. For couples, focusing on simple expressions of appreciation may be the most efficient way to utilize emotional intelligence.
The study, “Valuing your partner more: Linking emotional intelligence to better relationship quality,” was authored by Hester He Xiao, Kit S. Double, Rebecca T. Pinkus, and Carolyn MacCann.
